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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Bergen Township, New Jersey (1661–1862) ： ウィキペディア英語版 Bergen Township, New Jersey (1661–1862) :''see also Bergen Township, New Jersey (1893–1902), a distinct municipality formed in 1893.'' Bergen Township was a township that existed in the U.S. state of New Jersey, from 1661 to 1862, first as part of New Netherland, then as part Bergen County, and later as part of Hudson County. Several places still bear the name: the township of North Bergen; Bergen Square, Old Bergen Road, Bergen Avenue, Bergen Junction, Bergen Hill and Bergen Arches in Jersey City; Bergen Point in Bayonne; and Bergenline Avenue and Bergen Turnpike in North Hudson. ==New Netherland== The name Bergen was originally given to the peninsula between the Hudson River and Hackensack River by the European settlers to New Netherland. There are various opinions as to the origin. Some believe it comes from the Dutch word ''bergen'', which in the Germanic languages of northern Europe means hills,〔(Walking Tour of the Bergen Square )〕 and could describe a most distinct geological feature of the region, The Palisades.〔(Indigenous Population )〕 A more farfetched interpretation is that it comes from the Dutch word ''bergen'', meaning ''to save'' or ''to recover'', inspired by the settlers return after they had fled attacks by the native population after the Peach Tree War in 1655. Others say it is so called for the town of Bergen, North Holland in the Netherlands or (less likely) Bergen op Zoom, also in the Netherlands or the city of Bergen in Norway.〔http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~njhudson/genhistory_hudson_bergen_2.html.〕 Another theory is that the name derived from that of one of the earliest settlers of New Amsterdam, Hans Hansen Bergen, who arrived in 1633 as a ship's carpenter. Bergen initially settled on Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan but later owned extensive plantations elsewhere on the island.〔(The Bergen Family, or the Descendants of Hans Hansen Bergen, Teunis Bergen, 1866 )〕 From Bergen, Norway, he was one of the few Scandinavian settlers of New Amsterdam.〔(Hans Hansen Bergen, Genealogical and Personal Memorial of Mercer County, New Jersey, Francis Bazley Lee, 1907 )〕 Previous settlements in Pavonia (which the original colony was called) such as Communipaw, Harsimus, and Hoebuck, had been partly abandoned after a series of raids and reprisals by Netherlanders and the Lenape (later known as Delaware Indians), in what is known as Kieft's War and the Peach Tree War. In late 1654 a series of land grants were made for farms for lands at Achter Col behind Kill Van Kull.〔History of New Netherland, E.B. Callaghan (c)1855〕 In 1658, Peter Stuyvesant, Director-General of New Netherland, negotiated a deal with the Lenape, and re-purchased the area, naming it Bergen, "by the great rock above Wiehacken," then taking in the sweep of land on the peninsula west of the Hudson and east of the Hackensack River extending down to the Kill Van Kull at Bergen Point and Constable Hook.〔(History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey, from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time ), p. 62, accessed March 29, 2007〕 Bergen was founded by settlers who wished to return to the west bank of Hudson's River and located the village at what is today's Bergen Square. Its semi-independent government was granted on September 5, 1661, by Stuyvesant, as part of his efforts regain a foothold on the North River's western shore and expand beyond New Amsterdam on the southern tip of Manhattan, under the condition that a garrison be built. It is the first permanent European settlement and oldest municipality in what would become the state of New Jersey.〔(Jersey City: America's Golden Door ), accessed March 19, 2007. "Jersey City, the second largest city in New Jersey, is the site of the first permanent European community in the state."〕 It became and remained the seat of government for the province until 1709, when the British moved it to Hackensack, which was seen as more centrally located.〔(JERSEY CITY HISTORY OF FORMS OF GOVERNMENT FROM EARLY DUTCH DAYS TO THE PRESENT TIME ), accessed March 19, 2007."Until 1709, Bergen Village (around Bergen Square, Jersey City) was the county seat and the sessions of the court were held there, but after this date, the village of Hackensack was designated as being more centrally located and more easily reached by the majority of the inhabitants, and hence was chosen as the county seat of Bergen County (which it remains) and the courts were moved there."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bergen Township, New Jersey (1661–1862)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.